Respon Ekstrak Daun Kipahit Terhadap Mortalitas Kutu Daun (APHID) (Myzus persicae-Hemiptera) Pada Tanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum annuum L.) di Laboratorium

Abstract

Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important horticultural commodity with high economic value; however, its productivity is often constrained by pest infestations, one of which is the aphid Myzus persicae. This pest not only damages plants through sap-sucking activity but also acts as a vector for various plant viruses. Pest control is commonly carried out using synthetic pesticides; however, their excessive use can cause negative impacts on the environment and human health. Therefore, more environmentally friendly control alternatives are needed, such as botanical pesticides derived from kipahit leaf extract (Tithonia diversifolia). This study aimed to evaluate the contact toxicity of kipahit leaf extract at various concentrations on the mortality of Myzus persicae under laboratory conditions. The experiment employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a non-factorial arrangement consisting of six concentration treatments: K0 (control), K1 (0.1%), K2 (0.2%), K3 (0.3%), K4 (0.4%), and K5 (0.5%), each with four replications. The observed parameters included mortality rate, LC50, and LT50 values. The results showed that kipahit leaf extract had a significant effect on the mortality of Myzus persicae. The highest mortality was observed at treatment K5 (0.5%) with 96%, while the lowest mortality was found in the control treatment at 4%. Increasing the concentration of the extract resulted in higher mortality and a faster time to death. The LC₅₀ value was 0.127%, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.109–0.147% and a slope ± SE of 2.016 ± 0.178. Meanwhile, the shortest LT₅₀ was observed at a concentration of 0.5%, at 6.85 hours, with a 95% CI of 6.28–7.48 hours and a slope ± SE of 2.173 ± 0.126