Evaluasi Penerapan Program Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah (UKS) Pada Sekolah di Indonesia: Scooping Review

Abstract

Background: The School Health Program (UKS) is an important strategy for improving student health through health education, health services, and fostering a healthy school environment. Although it has long been implemented in Indonesia, the implementation of UKS still presents various obstacles, necessitating a mapping of scientific evidence related to its implementation. Objective: Evaluate the implementation of the UKS Program in schools in Indonesia through a scoping review approach. Method: The study refers to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines with a literature search using Google Scholar. Articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria of full publications from 2016–2026 that discussed UKS evaluation. Of the 18 identified articles, six met the criteria and were analyzed descriptively. Results: UKS implementation has been ongoing at various levels of education, but its effectiveness is not evenly distributed. The main inhibiting factors include weak program governance, limited human resources, inadequate infrastructure and funding, low student and parent involvement, and suboptimal monitoring and evaluation. However, the success of UKS implementation is supported by the commitment of school management, the establishment of organizational structure, the availability of school health facilities, active partnerships with Community Health Centers and related agencies, and the participation of school health cadres. Conclusion: The success of the UKS is influenced by synergy between organizational aspects, resources, and cross-sector collaboration. Therefore, strengthening governance, increasing human resource capacity, providing infrastructure, strengthening partnerships, and establishing a sustainable monitoring and evaluation system are priorities in UKS revitalization to support the creation of healthy and sustainable schools in Indonesia.