Implementation of an Internet of Things-based Smart Rooftop Farming System for Monitoring and Control of Pakcoy Cultivation

Abstract

This study presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart rooftop farming system for pakcoy cultivation. The prototype uses ESP32-CAM as the main processing and control unit integrated with a YL-69 soil moisture sensor, PIR sensor, relay, water pump, SG90 servo motor, camera, and Blynk. The system was developed through problem identification, requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and evaluation. Testing showed that soil moisture below 60% was classified as dry and activated the irrigation mechanism, while moisture of 60% or higher kept the pump inactive. The PIR sensor detected movement within the tested range of up to approximately 30 cm. The ESP32-CAM provided video streaming, while the SG90 servo adjusted the camera direction through the control interface. The integrated prototype supported soil-moisture monitoring, automatic irrigation, movement detection, visual monitoring, and remote control of the cultivation area.