Design and Development of an IoT-Based River Water Parameter Monitoring System Using pH, TDS, and Turbidity Sensors

Abstract

Water is a vital resource for human life; however, the level of river water pollution in many regions, including Samarinda City, continues to increase due to domestic and industrial waste. This study aims to design and develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based river water quality monitoring system capable of measuring pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and turbidity parameters in real time. The system employs an ESP32 microcontroller as the main controller, connected to pH, TDS, and turbidity sensors. The measurement data are transmitted via LoRa communication to a receiver node, stored in the Firebase Realtime Database, and displayed on a React.js-based dashboard. The implementation results demonstrate that the system operates automatically and in real time with satisfactory sensor accuracy, while LoRa communication enables long-range data transmission with low power consumption. Furthermore, the React.js dashboard integrated with Firebase provides a simple, responsive, and user-friendly monitoring interface. Overall, the proposed system has proven effective in monitoring river water quality without the need for manual measurements, making it a promising initial model for the implementation of IoT in environmental applications, particularly for continuous river water quality monitoring.