Clinical-epidemiological Profile of Individuals with Oral Cancer Treated at a Reference Center in the Semiarid Region of Bahia

Abstract

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common oral malignancy, frequently associated with chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation. It can invade tissues locally and presents a risk of metastasis. Objective: To analyze the clinical and demographic profile of individuals diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated at the “Centro de Referência de Lesões Labiais” (CRLB) of the “Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (Uefs), between 2008 and 2024. Method: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study based on the analysis of secondary data from physical medical records. All cases with a confirmed histopathological diagnosis of SCC were included, totaling 244 individuals. The variables analyzed included sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and clinical aspects of the lesions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequencies), utilizing IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 23.0. Results: A predominance of men (70.9%; n=173), aged 40 years or older (97.1%; n=237), with occupational sun exposure (73.6%; n=109), tobacco use (68.5%; n=165), and alcohol use (57.7%; n=139) was observed. Most presented lesions larger than 1 cm (98.8%; n=163), lasting longer than 30 days (77.8%; n=140), presenting red coloration (63.0%; n=114), and exophytic growth (61.0%; n=100). Only 9.8% (n=24) of the cases were diagnosed in situ. Conclusion: The findings highlight clinical patterns and exposure factors potentially related to oral cancer and also indicate a possible delay in diagnosis. The importance of educational initiatives, training of primary care professionals, and decentralization of specialized services is highlighted as key strategies to improve the management of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the region.