Manejo emergencial da anafilaxia em crianças: protocolos de manejo iniciais e a eficácia no atendimento.

Abstract

Anaphylaxis in children constitutes a severe, rapid-onset, and potentially fatal allergic reaction, the proper management of which depends on immediate recognition and prompt administration of adrenaline. This descriptive bibliographic study analyzes national and international initial care protocols to understand their effectiveness, limitations, and applicability in clinical practice. The review of evidence demonstrates that intramuscular epinephrine remains the gold-standard treatment; however, its use still faces challenges related to diagnostic difficulty, healthcare professional hesitation, and organizational barriers across different healthcare services. The adoption of standardized protocols, combined with continuous team training, reduces complications, hospitalizations, and treatment delays, highlighting the need for strategies that expand access to the medication, improve clinical recognition, and enhance emergency response. It is concluded that the effectiveness of pediatric anaphylaxis management is directly linked to the correct implementation of guidelines and overcoming structural and operational challenges that still compromise care, emphasizing the importance of systematic preparation among healthcare professionals involved in patient care.