Clinicopathological and associated risk factor analysis of endometrial carcinoma in a tertiary care centre in south India

Abstract

Objectives: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common malignancy of the female reproductive tract, with diverse clinicopathological and molecular characteristics. This study evaluates the gross pathological features of the tumour, histological subtypes, molecular findings, and demographic distribution in EC patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 150 cases assessed tumour size, myometrial invasion, Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grade, lymph node invasion, histological subtypes, and molecular studies. Risk factors like obesity, diabetes, and nulliparity were documented. Results: Most patients were aged 50-69, with 86.6% of tumours <5 cm. Myometrial invasion was <50% in 59.1% of cases, with 51% graded as FIGO 1. Lymph node invasion occurred in 2%. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma was the most common subtype (40.3%), followed by serous carcinoma (10.1%). Molecular studies showed p53 mutations in 8.1% and microsatellite instability in 1.3%. Most tumours were diagnosed at FIGO Stage I. Conclusion: Endometrial carcinoma primarily affects postmenopausal women, with Endometrioid EC, FIGO grade 1 histology and stage 1 being the most common. Identifying high-risk factors like obesity and diabetes can aid early detection. Further research into molecular markers is recommended to enhance prognostication and therapy.