Predictors of Breast Cancer Development Following Surgery for Benign Breast Diseases

Abstract

Objective. To investigate the impact of surgical trauma and endogenous factors on the risk of breast cancer development in patients who had previously undergone surgery for non-oncological breast diseases.Materials and Methods. The patients included in the study were divided into two groups: the study group—93 (18.3%) patients with a history of non-oncological breast diseases for which surgical treatment was performed, and the control group—415 (81.7%) patients with a history of breast cancer but no history of surgical trauma to the breast. The diagnosis and treatment of patients complied with national standards of medical care. Predictors that showed statistical significance in univariate analysis were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results. A history of breast trauma in 3–8% of patients is a predictor of cancer development. Trauma to the areola or nipple area increases the risk of cancer by 22.5%. Endogenous predictors of breast cancer developing after surgical trauma include: age 60–70 years, height 170 cm or taller, obesity, menarche at age 15 or older, endocrine disorders, and chronic stress.Conclusions. Surgical trauma is not an independent etiological factor in the development of breast cancer; however, its combination with endogenous factors promotes carcinogenesis.