Integrated Sensing and Wireless Power Transfer in Pinching-Antenna Systems

Abstract

This letter investigates the fundamental trade-off between radar sensing accuracy and wireless power transfer (WPT) in a pinching-antenna (PA)-based integrated sensing and wireless power transfer system (ISWPT-PAS). A closed-form Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) for target sensing is derived, and a PA-position optimization problem is formulated to minimize the sensing CRB while satisfying the requirements of an energy-harvesting receiver (EHR). The resulting problem is highly coupled and non-convex because the PA positions jointly affect the sensing and power-transfer performance. To solve this problem, a PSO-based solution procedure is developed by using PA positions as optimization variables and incorporating the CRB objective and EHR constraint into the fitness evaluation. Simulation results show that the proposed position-optimized ISWPT-PAS achieves improved sensing accuracy over conventional fixed-antenna ISWPT baselines under different transmit-power budgets and EH thresholds.