CYBER RISKS FACED BY ENTERPRISES: CYBER RISK AND ENTERPRISE ECONOMIC SECURITY — ASSESSING VULNERABILITIES IN DIGITALLY INTEGRATED BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS

Abstract

Digital technologies help enterprises improve efficiency and manage operations, but dependence on connected systems also increases exposure to cyberattacks. This article summarizes key enterprise cyber risks, their economic consequences, and practical ways to reduce them. Phishing, ransomware, data breaches, stolen credentials, insider threats, and supply-chain attacks can cause direct financial losses, interrupt business activity, damage reputation, and weaken competitiveness. Recent industry reports show that these risks are significant: Verizon’s 2025 Data Breach Investigations Report found ransomware in 44% of analyzed breaches, while IBM estimated the average global cost of a data breach at USD 4.44 million in 2025. The article argues that cybersecurity should be treated as an essential part of enterprise economic security and supported by risk assessment, employee training, access controls, backups, and incident-response planning.