Prevalence and associated factors of cognitive impairment and frailty in patients with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity: The Japan Diabetes and Obesity Study 3 (J-DOS3).
Abstract
Aims
Cognitive impairment and frailty in metabolic diseases remain incompletely characterized. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cognitive decline and frailty and to examine the associations among cognitive function, frailty, and physical inactivity in adults from the Japan Diabetes and Obesity Study 3 (J-DOS3).
Methods
J-DOS3 includes 409 participants aged 68 ± 11 yr with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity from 13 National Hospital Organization hospitals in Japan. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and scores of 24-27 and ≤ 27 were classified as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and low MMSE, respectively. Frailty was assessed using the simple frailty questionnaire, and a score ≥ 3 was classified as frailty. Cognitive frailty was characterized by coexistence of MCI and frailty. Physical inactivity was defined as <150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
Results
Ninety-one participants (22%) had MCI, and 102 (25%) had low MMSE. Thirty-six participants (9%) were frail, and 16 (4%) had cognitive frailty. Frailty was more prevalent in participants with low MMSE (18%) than normal MMSE (6%), and was associated with higher odds ratio (OR) of low MMSE (OR: 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38-6.74, p < 0.05). Physical inactivity was also more prevalent in those with low MMSE (83% vs. 66%), and was associated with low MMSE (OR: 2.31, 95%CI: 1.25-4.26, p < 0.05).
Conclusions
These findings highlight the potential value of assessing frailty and physical inactivity when evaluating cognitive function in adults with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity.