IoT-Based Prototype for Temperature and Humidity Monitoring and Automatic Control in Oyster Mushroom Cultivation

Abstract

Maintaining appropriate temperature and humidity is essential for achieving optimal oyster mushroom cultivation. Conventional environmental monitoring is often inefficient because it requires continuous manual observation and may delay responses to environmental changes. This study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based prototype for monitoring and automatically controlling temperature and humidity in an oyster mushroom cultivation environment. The developed system utilizes a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller and a DHT22 sensor to measure environmental conditions, while a fan and a mini water pump are automatically activated to regulate temperature and humidity when predefined thresholds are exceeded. Monitoring data are transmitted in real time to the Blynk application for remote monitoring and stored in the ThingSpeak cloud platform for data management and analysis. Furthermore, the collected environmental data were classified into ideal and non-ideal cultivation conditions using the Decision Tree algorithm, and the model performance was evaluated using K-Fold Cross Validation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system successfully monitored environmental conditions in real time, automatically controlled the actuators according to environmental changes, and continuously transmitted monitoring data to cloud platforms. The Decision Tree model effectively classified cultivation conditions based on temperature and humidity measurements, supporting more accurate environmental assessment. Overall, the proposed prototype provides an effective and efficient solution for automated environmental monitoring and control, contributing to more stable cultivation conditions and supporting the implementation of smart farming in oyster mushroom cultivation.