Development and Experimental Validation of an IoT-Based Water Quality and Wind Energy Monitoring System for Smart Vannamei Shrimp Aquaculture

Abstract

Vannamei shrimp farming requires continuous water-quality monitoring, particularly pH, to maintain suitable conditions for shrimp growth and survival. Conventional monitoring is often limited by manual measurement and restricted accessibility, especially in remote pond locations. This study develops an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring system using an ESP8266 to remotely monitor pond-water pH and Wind Power Plant (PLTB) performance through the Telegram application. The proposed system integrates a pH sensor, PZEM-017, INA219, infrared sensor, RS485 module, and LCD display to measure pH, generator voltage and current, battery voltage and current, and turbine rotational speed. PLTB-generated energy is stored in a battery through a charge controller and subsequently used to supply the monitoring system. Experimental validation was conducted for seven days with measurements recorded at 30-minute intervals and compared with a pH meter, multimeter, and tachometer. The results demonstrate an average pH accuracy of 99.49% and precision of 99.33%. Generator voltage and current achieved accuracy ranges of 93.16–100% and 87.50–100%, respectively, while RPM accuracy ranged from 84.20–99.26%. Telegram command responses were obtained within 3–7 s. These results demonstrate that the proposed system provides reliable remote monitoring of pond-water quality and PLTB performance while supporting autonomous operation through renewable energy