The Role of Physical Activity in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Abstract

Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common problem in the older population and is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. Physical activity is one of the important modifiable lifestyle factors that may support cognitive functioning.Aim: The aim of this paper was to assess the importance of physical activity in people with MCI, with particular emphasis on neurobiological mechanisms, the effectiveness of different forms of training, and their practical application.Methods: This paper is a narrative review of the literature. Thirty-five publications were included, including original studies, randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, as well as guidelines and expert recommendations.Results: Available data indicate that regular physical activity may have a beneficial effect on memory, executive functions, and global cognitive functioning in people with MCI. Beneficial effects were observed with aerobic training, resistance training, multicomponent programs, and interventions combining physical activity with cognitive training.Conclusions: Physical activity is an important component of non-pharmacological management in people with MCI. However, due to the heterogeneity of studies and the limited duration of follow-up, there is still a lack of conclusive evidence that it prevents the progression of MCI to dementia.