The circadian system and its role in the development of metabolic disorders in obesity

Abstract

The circadian system coordinates the functioning of the human body throughout the day. The circadian rhythms affect the adipose tissue metabolism by regulating lipolysis and lipogenesis through the transcription of the main encoding genes. In the case of circadian rhythm disorders, biochemical, neuroendocrine and molecular-genetic processes in adipose tissue change, and insulin resistance increases, ultimately leading to metabolic syndrome development. The metabolism of organs and tissues regulates by changing the sleep-wake cycles, which are directly related to the feeding-fasting cycle. Melatonin is of great importance for energy homeostasis control and carbohydrate metabolism. Its dysfunction follows by such metabolic disorders as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.