Research Progress on Interstitial Lung Disease Complicated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Abstract

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are highly comorbid and closely related in pathophysiology. Epidemiological data show that the prevalence of GERD in patients with ILD is significantly higher than that in the general population. ILD can induce reflux disease through abnormal respiratory mechanics, dysfunction of the diaphragm and esophagus, and increased abdominal pressure caused by cough. Microaspiration resulting from reflux can irritate lung tissue, aggravate pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis progression, and affect patients’ clinical symptoms, quality of life, and prognosis after lung transplantation. Clinically, a multi-level treatment strategy has been established for comorbid conditions. Non-pharmacological interventions can reduce reflux triggers. The use of acid-suppressive drugs requires distinguishing indications for prophylactic medication according to disease types. Surgery and traditional Chinese medicine can be selected appropriately based on the disease condition. Standardized treatment of GERD can reduce lung tissue injury, delay the progression of ILD, and improve the overall prognosis of patients. Clinically, relevant guidelines should be followed, and diagnosis and treatment strategies should be formulated according to individual conditions to improve the comprehensive intervention effect of comorbidities.