Epidemiological profile of measles in the Centrale Region of Togo from 2016 to 2024

Abstract

Introduction Measles remains a significant public health concern in Togo, with recurring outbreaks persisting despite ongoing vaccination campaigns. This study was conducted to characterize the epidemiological profile of measles cases in the Centrale region between 2016 and 2024, with the aim of contributing to incidence reduction. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study based on secondary data from the National Institute of Hygiene of Togo, covering the period from 2016 to 2024. Results Of 446 suspected cases reported between 2016 and 2024 with samples collected, 31.2% (139/446) were laboratory-confirmed. Among confirmed cases, the annual incidence rate peaked in 2022 and 2023, reaching 7.5 and 6.8 confirmed cases per 100,000 population, respectively. The average incidence rate over the study period was 1.9 cases per 100,000 population, with the Mô district recording the highest rate at 5.5 confirmed cases per 100,000 population. The median age of confirmed cases was 4 years (IQR: 1–7). Children under 5 years of age were the most affected (59.7%), followed by those aged 5–14 years (34.6%). The sex ratio (male to female) was 0.8. Regarding vaccination status, 62.0% of confirmed cases had an unknown status, and 28.0% had not received any dose of measles vaccine. Suspected cases were reported within 24 hours in 79.3% of cases. Samples were adequate in 71.1% of cases, and laboratory results were available within the recommended timeframe for 39.6% of samples received. Conclusion Measles is endemic in the Centrale Region of Togo, predominantly affecting children under 15 years of age. Strengthening vaccination coverage appears essential to reduce incidence.