Wireless Interference in BLE/Wi-Fi Coexistence, 5 GHz Radar Spectrum Sharing, and Aviation GNSS Disruptions

Abstract

Wireless systems operating in shared spectrum are easily influenced by heterogeneous devices, external emitters, and operating contexts, which may lead to lower link quality, throughput loss, channel switching, and even navigation anomalies. This paper discusses three representative interference settings: co-channel interaction between BLE and Wi-Fi in the 2.4 GHz band, spectrum coexistence between 5 GHz Wi- Fi and weather radar, and the operational impact of GNSS disruptions on European civil aviation. By comparing the research methods, principal findings, main limitations, and proposed improvements reported in these studies, the paper shows that interference outcomes are shaped not only by signal strength, but also by traffic load, device behaviour, regulatory enforcement, and receiver redundancy. It also outlines several practical directions for follow-up work. Rather than stopping at a broad claim that interference exists, a scenario-based discussion makes it easier to distinguish how wireless interference unfolds across performance degradation, constrained spectrum coexistence, and operational safety.