Jul 2026· Revista de Estudos Interdisciplinares· 0 citations
TL;DR
Mortality remained high, with ageing of deaths, regional differences, and limited diagnostic specificity, and strengthening tobacco control, early diagnosis, exacerbation management, and death-cause certification is recommended.
Abstract
Objective: To analyze chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality in Brazil from 2010 to 2024. Methods: An ecological time-series study used data from the Mortality Information System. COPD deaths (ICD-10: J44) were grouped into three five-year periods and analyzed by epidemiological profile, diagnostic category, and macroregion. Results: There were 573,482 deaths, an increase of 18.86%. J44.9 (unspecified COPD) accounted for approximately 85% of records. Men and people aged 60 years or older predominated, with increasing proportions of women and Black and Brown individuals. The Southeast had the largest number, whereas the Northeast and North showed the greatest proportional increases. Conclusion: Mortality remained high, with ageing of deaths, regional differences, and limited diagnostic specificity. Strengthening tobacco control, early diagnosis, exacerbation management, and death-cause certification is recommended.
Chronic kidney disease mortality increased in Brazil, with ageing of deaths, persistent male excess mortality, an increasing share among Black and Brown individuals, and regional differences from 2010 to 2024.
Alana Coêlho Maciel, Thiago Emmanuel Araujo dos Santos, Renato Sarmento dos Reis Moreno et al.· Revista de Estudos Interdisc...· 0 citations
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, characterized by irreversible airflow limitation and progressive symptoms. Despite declining age-standardized rates (ASRs), absolute burdens are rising due to population aging and growth, particularly in low- and middle-Sociodemographic Index (SDI) regions. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of COPD epidemiology from 1990 to 2021 using Global Burden of Disease 2021 data, integrating multimodel projections to 2050 and risk factor attribution across SDI quintiles. The study extracted COPD incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study (204 countries, 1990–2021). Trends were analyzed via Joinpoint regression, average annual percentage change, age-period-cohort models, and decomposition analysis (population growth/aging/epidemiological shifts). Risk factor burdens (smoking, ambient PM2.5, and household air pollution) were quantified using population attributable fractions. Bayesian age-period-cohort models projected the age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized mortality rate, and age-standardized DALY rate to 2050. Globally, the age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized mortality rate, and DALY rate declined (average annual percentage change: −0.05%, −1.49%, and −1.48%, respectively), while absolute cases, deaths, and DALYs increased (213.4 million cases and 1.69 million deaths in 2021). Low-/middle-SDI regions exhibited 2- to 3-fold higher ASRs than high-SDI areas. An inverted V-shaped relationship emerged between SDI and COPD burden, peaking at an SDI of 0.4 to 0.6. Smoking (38%–55% of DALYs), ambient PM2.5 (15%–25%), and household air pollution (0%–55%) dominated risk factors, with marked SDI-based heterogeneity. Projections indicate stable/declining ASRs globally to 2050, but rising absolute burdens in low-SDI nations. COPD remains a critical public health challenge, with shifting burdens from mortality to high prevalence. Targeted interventions in low-SDI regions – clean energy adoption, community spirometry screening, and culturally tailored tobacco control – are imperative to meet the United Nations 2030 noncommunicable disease mortality targets.
Dong Liu, Lu-Na Zhao, Lin Chen et al.· Medicine· 0 citations
Introduction: Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease associated with high morbidity and mortality and represents a major public health challenge in Brazil.
Objective: To analyze temporal trends in deaths in which obesity was recorded as the underlying cause in Espírito Santo, Brazil, between 2010 and 2023.
Methods: An ecological time-series study was conducted using data from the Mortality Information System (SIM). Deaths with obesity recorded as the underlying cause (ICD-10: E66) and its subcategories (E66.0 – E66.9) were included. Mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated, and temporal trends were assessed using Prais-Winsten regression.
Results: A total of 1,089 deaths were identified, with a mean age of 55.7 years, predominantly among women (62.9%). Unspecified obesity accounted for 76.9% of all records. A significant downward trend in mortality was observed, with an average annual reduction of 5.7 deaths (p < 0.001). Mortality rates decreased from 4.04 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2010 to 0.86 per 100,000 in 2023, corresponding to an average annual reduction of 7.2% (p = 0.009).
Conclusion: There was a significant reduction in deaths in which obesity was recorded as the underlying cause in Espírito Santo between 2010 and 2023. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution, as obesity is frequently recorded as a contributing rather than an underlying cause of death. The findings highlight the importance of improving death certification practices to enhance the accuracy of mortality statistics related to obesity.
Patrícia Silva Bazoni, Marcelo Matieli da Silva, Nicole Milato da Silva Gonçalves et al.· Clinics Biopsychosocial· 1 citation
Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) remain a major source of mortality and disability worldwide, yet current evidence on their long‐term burden in the WHO Western Pacific Region (WPR) is limited. This study assessed temporal trends, demographic disparities, subtype composition, and major modifiable risk factors for CRDs from 1990 to 2023 in the WPR membership fixed at the study endpoint (WPR‐37). Estimates were extracted from the IHME GBD 2023 results tool for the aggregate location “Western Pacific Region” (location ID 44568), comprising 37 WHO Member States and areas as of 31 December 2023; Indonesia was excluded. We analyzed incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), reporting absolute numbers and age‐standardized rates (ASRs). Trends were quantified using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Attributable deaths and DALYs were assessed for tobacco smoking, air pollution, and occupational exposure. In 2023, CRDs in WPR‐37 accounted for 22.0 million incident cases, 155.9 million prevalent cases, 1.4 million deaths, and 29.9 million DALYs. Compared with 1990, absolute numbers increased across all indicators, whereas ASRs were stable or declined. Age‐standardized incidence and prevalence rates decreased modestly, whereas age‐standardized mortality and DALY rates declined more markedly, with EAPCs of −2.67% (95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.02 to −2.33) and −2.31% (95% CI: −2.56 to −2.05), respectively. The burden increased sharply with age, remained higher in males, and was dominated by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, accounting for 75.3% of DALYs. Tobacco smoking and air pollution were the leading selected modifiable contributors, whereas six‐country comparisons showed marked regional heterogeneity. Although age‐standardized mortality and DALY rates declined substantially, the absolute burden continued to rise, mainly reflecting population growth and aging. The burden remained concentrated in older adults, males, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These estimates describe WPR‐37 rather than the current 38‐member WPR.
Zhang Yue, Yi-Cheng Fu, Wen-Hui Zuo et al.· Med Research· 0 citations
Changing magnitude and sociodemographic and territorial inequalities reveal changing magnitude and sociodemographic and territorial inequalities, supporting cause-specific prevention, timely diagnosis, comprehensive care, and improved mortality information.
Getúlio Antônio de Freitas, Alana Coêlho Maciel, Karla Danielly Xaveiro da Silva et al.· Revista de Estudos Interdisc...· 0 citations
INTRODUCTION
Respiratory infections and tuberculosis are leading causes of global morbidity and mortality; yet comprehensive research on their associated risk factors remains limited, hindering the development of effective preventive strategies.
METHODOLOGY
The 2021 Global Burden of Disease data from 204 countries (1990-2021) was used to measure deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and their age-standardized rates (ASMR and ASDR) tied to 9 risk factors. The trends were analyzed by age, gender, and socio-demographic index (SDI) regions, with annual and average annual percentage changes (APC, AAPC) used to track changes over time.
RESULTS
Globally, mortality rates (ASMR) for respiratory infections and tuberculosis linked to traditional risks-malnutrition, air pollution, and alcohol use-declined significantly; annual decreases of 4.46%, 3.18%, and 3.35%, respectively. Deaths attributed to metabolic risks like high BMI and blood sugar increased, despite falling ASMR. Geographic disparities were notable: Lesotho saw the sharpest rise in BMI-related mortality (3.92%), while Hungary had the steepest decline (-7.4%). Men faced a higher burden from behavioral risks, with tobacco-related mortality 3.6 times higher than in women. Children under 5 years were especially vulnerable to environmental risks, with unsafe water and sanitation contributing to a 4.55% annual decline in mortality rates.
CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights the need for targeted actions, such as tobacco control in high-middle SDI regions, air quality improvements in South Asia, and nutrition programs in Sub-Saharan Africa. It offers a precise public health framework to reduce respiratory infections and tuberculosis, and promote global health equity by analyzing sociodemographic and time trends.
Shareli Caikai, Jing Jiang, Yi Shi et al.· Journal of Infection in Deve...· 0 citations
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