Pinching-Antenna Differential Spatial Modulation with RSSI-Assisted Selection and Low-Complexity Detection: Methods and Performance Analysis

Abstract

Pinching antenna (PA) systems provide macroscopic spatial reconfigurability by enabling signal radiation from favorable locations along a dielectric waveguide. Exploiting this flexibility, however, typically requires channel knowledge for PA configuration, which can introduce substantial overhead in dynamic propagation environments. This paper proposes PA-assisted differential spatial modulation (PA-DSM), enabling data transfer with spatial index selection and non-coherent data detection without instantaneous channel state information (CSI) at the receiver. To exploit PA reconfigurability while preserving this CSI-efficient operation, we introduce a slow-timescale received signal strength indicator (RSSI)-assisted selection strategy that identifies a favorable subset of PAs from scalar power measurements. We further specialize a two-stage low-complexity maximum-likelihood (LC-ML) detector to phase shift keying (PSK) signaling, obtaining closed-form symbol decisions that remove the joint modulation-combination search while preserving the minimizer of exhaustive differential detection. Furthermore, a moment generating function (MGF)-based pairwise error analysis and the corresponding bit error probability (BEP) bound are developed under normalized common-K Rician fading, revealing how the difference rank and spectrum, number of receive antennas, and previous-state-dependent line-of-sight (LoS) alignment affect the error performance. Numerical results across representative indoor-office, indoor-factory, and street-canyon sixth-generation (6G) Frequency Range 3 (FR3) scenarios validate the analytical trends and quantify when PA-DSM outperforms coherent benchmark schemes whose channel estimates age between pilot transmissions.