Risk factors for catheter-related thrombosis in cancer patients: a systematic review

Abstract

Background Central venous access devices (CVADs) are indispensable in cancer care, particularly for chemotherapy administration, nutritional support, and blood product transfusion. Catheter-related thrombosis (CRT), one of the most common non-infectious complications associated with CVADs, may result in treatment delays, increased healthcare costs, and potentially life-threatening events such as pulmonary embolism. Although numerous studies have investigated risk factors for CRT among cancer patients, no comprehensive systematic review has synthesized existing evidence, which hinders the formulation of evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies. Methods Comprehensive literature searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from database establishment to February 2026. Two researchers independently screened eligible studies and extracted data based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria; any discrepancies were resolved via discussion with a third researcher. Results A total of 58 studies covering 50,987 cancer patients were included in this review. Risk factors for CRT in cancer patients were categorized into three major groups: patient-related factors, catheter-related factors, and treatment-related factors. Conclusion This systematic review synthesised risk factors for CRT in cancer patients and classified them into three dimensions concerning patients, catheters and treatments. The findings can provide evidence for clinicians to formulate targeted prevention measures and optimize catheter management protocols.