Spatial assessment of landslide susceptibility in Donomulyo based on GIS-MCDA and AHP

Abstract

Donomulyo Subdistrict in Malang Regency is characterized by complex hill–coastal terrain that is increasingly pressured by tourism development, making it highly prone to landslides. This study assesses landslide susceptibility using a Geographic Information System–based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (GIS–MCDA) integrated with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Five conditioning factors—slope, rainfall, land cover, soil type, and geology—were analyzed and weighted through pairwise comparison to generate a spatial susceptibility map. The results show that most of Donomulyo lies within moderate susceptibility zones, reflecting widespread geomorphological instability and emphasizing the need for risk-sensitive land-use management. Scientifically, this research demonstrates the applicability of the GIS–AHP framework to an understudied tropical hill–coastal environment, where local-scale integration of terrain, rainfall, and land-use dynamics remains limited in existing literature. The study’s spatial outputs provide quantitative guidance for zoning, slope conservation, and community-based mitigation—actions that directly support SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). By explicitly linking geospatial hazard modelling with sustainable development planning, this research advances the use of spatial analysis as a decision-support tool for disaster risk reduction and resilient regional development in Indonesia.