The Vertical Structure of the Temperature Field and the Spatial Distribution of the Dispersion of Temperature Fluctuations in the Global Ocean on Synoptic Scales

low-frequency variability of the Gulf Stream

Monsoonal Wind‐Driven Ocean Dynamics Drive Seasonal Sea Surface Temperature Variability in the Indonesian Seas

The governing mechanisms of sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the Indonesian seas, which exerts a significant influence on atmospheric convection and Indo‐Pacific climate, are investigated using observations and high‐resolution regional ocean model simulations. Observations show that SST variability is dom...

Physical processes to cause the seasonal change of the sea surface temperature in the equatorial Atlantic

The physical mechanisms governing the seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial Atlantic are investigated, with particular emphasis on the rapid cooling period from April to July. Using mixed layer and subsurface heat budget analyses based on reanalysis data, we identify pronounced zonal contr...

Observations of seawater temperature and salinity as the main source of information on large-scale ocean currents

Abstract A. S. Sarkisyan developed a diagnostic method in the 1960s, based on the inclusion of annual mean temperature and salinity fields in circulation models, which made it possible to simulate climatic currents in the World Ocean and a number of other marine basins. As observations of seawater temperature and salin...

Modulations of Subsurface Circulation in a Shallow Marginal Sea by Extreme Typhoon Forcing, Revealing Hourly-Scale Transient Dynamics

Typhoons can substantially perturb the thermal and circulation structure of marginal seas, yet in the Yellow Sea most studies have focused on surface cooling, vertical mixing, and coastal upwelling/downwelling, while the hourly-scale response of subsurface circulation below the thermocline remains poorly understood. Us...

Evaluation of 2-m Air Temperature and Surface Temperature from CMA-RA and ERA5: A Comparison with Buoy Observations in the Arctic during 2001–2024