The role of nutrition literacy in dietary patterns, body composition, and glycemic control among adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
TL;DR
Higher NL is associated with healthier lifestyle behaviors, better dietary patterns, and enhanced glycemic stability in adolescents with T1DM, and may contribute to reducing both individual and societal burdens of T1DM.
Abstract
Objectives
This study investigated the relationship between nutrition literacy (NL) among adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and their dietary habits, anthropometric measurements, and glycemic profiles.
Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 103 adolescents diagnosed with T1DM. NL was assessed using the Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS). Dietary intake was evaluated through single-day food records. Anthropometric measurements included body weight, height, waist circumference, and mid-upper arm circumference. Glycemic control was assessed through glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose levels. Multivariable linear regression analyzed associations between NL and influencing factors.
Results
NL levels ranged from moderate to high. Elevated ANLS and/or subscales were significantly associated with parental high school completion, paternal self-employment, target-range HbA1c, regular physical activity, structured meal patterns (3 meals, ≥3 snacks), and healthier dietary choices (lower fast-food and processed snacks, higher fruit/vegetable intake). Adolescents classified as having thinness based on mid-upper arm circumference demonstrated significantly lower functional NL compared to other groups. Positive correlations were observed between ANLS and/or subscale and dietary energy, protein, and micronutrients (riboflavin, pyridoxine, iron, zinc) intake, while negative associations occurred with carbohydrate and sodium consumption. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed positive relationships with age and dietary iron intake, alongside inverse relationships with HbA1c and energy intake.
Conclusions
Higher NL is associated with healthier lifestyle behaviors, better dietary patterns, and enhanced glycemic stability in adolescents with T1DM. Interventions aimed at enhancing NL may contribute to reducing both individual and societal burdens of T1DM by promoting improved disease management and long-term health outcomes.