Aug 2026· Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal· 0 citations· 50 references
Abstract
Drought stress in agricultural land disrupts the physiological processes, growth, and yield of kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala). This study evaluated the physiological responses, growth, and yield of kale treated with salicylic acid, a potential strategy to enhance plant tolerance to drought stress, in a greenhouse at the Department of Agriculture, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. A 4 × 4 factorial experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor was drought level (100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% field capacity). The second factor was salicylic acid (SA) concentration 0, 0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 mM). The results indicated that physiological responses (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, relative water content, and electrolyte leakage) remained largely stable under moderate drought stress (60% FC), whereas plant growth parameters (plant height, leaf number, and leaf area) were reduced by 14.5–20.7% compared with the control (100% FC). At 40% FC, both physiological and growth responses were more severely affected; electrolyte leakage increased markedly, and plant height, leaf area, and dry biomass weight decreased by 24.4%, 47.2%, and 60.5%, respectively, compared with the control (P < 0.05). The best treatment was the application of 1.5 mM salicylic acid, which increased the relative water content by 4.13% and decreased the electrolyte leakage by 34.70% compared to untreated plants (P < 0.05). This concentration was likely more effective due to optimal stomatal regulation, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and maintained membrane integrity, indicating that 1.5 mM SA has potential as a biostimulant to improve kale water status and membrane stability. However, field validation across locations and seasons is needed before recommending it for dryland farming.
Overall, SA effectively alleviated salt-induced oxidative stress and improved physiological stability in cauliflower seedlings, indicating its strong potential as a bioregulator to enhance salinity tolerance in Brassica crops.
N. Kayak, N. Çetin, Y. Çelik· Russian journal of plant phy...· 0 citations
Allium polyrhizum is an important native species in arid and semi-arid regions. This study investigated the responses of A. polyrhizum to drought stress and screened drought-resistant germplasms to provide a basis for the selection of high-quality germplasm resources for degraded grassland restoration. Five A. polyrhizum germplasms were collected from Longquansi Town (LQS), Hongcheng Town (HC), Zhongchuan Town (ZC), and Zhonghe Town (ZH-P and ZH-W) in Lanzhou, Gansu Province. The phenotypic and biochemical indicators were measured under the control treatment (CK) and PEG-6000-simulated drought stress treatments at −0.2, −0.6, −1.0, −1.4, and −1.8 MPa. The results showed that, with increasing drought stress intensity, the root length, shoot height, aboveground biomass, and belowground biomass of the five A. polyrhizum germplasms generally decreased, whereas the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, free proline, and malondialdehyde generally increased. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase generally increased initially and then decreased, although the magnitude of these responses varied among germplasms. Two-way ANOVA showed that drought stress and germplasm had highly significant effects on all 11 measured indicators, whereas their interaction had highly significant effects on most indicators. The drought resistance coefficients of the different indicators were correlated to varying degrees. Comprehensive evaluation showed that the drought resistance of the five germplasms was ranked as ZH-W > HC > ZH-P > ZC > LQS.
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a forage legume that is commonly grown because of its productivity, quality, and ability to thrive in dry conditions. This study looks at how different alfalfa genotypes respond to drought stress with focus on shoot and root characteristics and biomass partitioning. The study is a randomized complete block design experiment under greenhouse conditions with two watering treatments: an irrigated control and a water deficit treatment. Each treatment was replicated three times. The study recorded a number of traits including plant height, shoot and root biomass, root length, root volume, total biomass, root-to-shoot ratio, and root biomass. The significant variation between the genotypes for the traits measured in both the irrigated and drought-stressed conditions. Drought had a large negative impact on plant height, shoot and root biomass, total biomass, and root volume, with reductions of 10.71(%), 51.63(%), 51.28(%), 51.44(%) and 22.04(%), respectively. With drought, the root-to-shoot ratio and root-to-total ratio increased by 2.41(%), and 1.30(%), respectively, suggesting more root biomass was allocated under stressed conditions. There was a 43.85(%) increase of root biomass in the deeper parts of the soil, suggesting an improved ability to gain water in dry conditions. Genotypes such as ALF–CRO-6, ALF-CRO-7, ALF-CRO-5, and AUS-ALF-17 of root and biomass traits showed the most drought tolerance. Overall, the study suggested that in alfalfa, drought tolerance is highly dependent on root architecture and biomass. Genotypes maintaining higher root biomass, deeper rooting patterns, and greater root-to-shoot ratios under stress conditions may serve as valuable genetic resources for developing drought-resilient alfalfa cultivars. Thus, the study helped us to identify promising lines for tolerance towards abiotic stress (drought stress) which could be used in future breeding programs.
M. Rashid, Gul Zaffer, A. Shikari et al.· SKUAST journal of research· 0 citations
Drought stress is a major constraint to wheat and barley production, causing oxidative damage, metabolic disturbances, and reduced crop productivity under changing climatic conditions. Understanding the physiological and biochemical mechanisms associated with drought tolerance is essential for identifying resilient cultivars and supporting the development of climate resilient cereal production systems. The physiological, biochemical and agronomic responses of two varieties of barley to two irrigation periods: P1 - irrigation every 15 days and P2 – irrigation every 20 days) were evaluated in the winter season 2024 at the University of Baghdad, using a randomised complete block design with factorial arrangement and three replications. Growth characters, activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GPX) and yield attributes and grain yield were measured. Variety 1 was superior to variety 2 in agronomic performance. Variety 2 had significantly higher plant height (79.6 cm), leaf area (10.95 cm2), number of spikes (250.08 spikesm2), kernels per spike (48.9) and grain yield (4.63 t/ha) than variety 1. The second irrigation period (P2) improved plant height, number of spikes, number of kernels per spike and grain yield and the activities of SOD and GPX, indicating better antioxidant responses against oxidative stress. However, CAT activity was higher in P1, indicating higher detoxification of hydrogen peroxide in shorter irrigation intervals. In general, the interaction between Variety 2 and P2 yielded the highest values of growth, antioxidant activity and yield. These results indicated that Variety 2 had better physiological and biochemical mechanisms to cope with drought stress and produced more under prolonged irrigation interval.
Husaam F. Najeeb Alawadi, M. A. Yasir, E. A. Ali et al.· Research on Crops· 0 citations
Arabica coffee productivity recently has faced risk of climate change-induced drought and rising temperatures. This study evaluated the physiological responses of Arabica coffee seedlings treated with potassium (K), boron (B), and the biological agent Trichoderma spp. under drought stress. A screenhouse experiment was conducted by using a Randomized Block Design with eight treatment combinations and four replications. Drought was induced by withholding irrigation for 18 days, followed by a 15-day recovery period. Parameters measured included the chlorophyll index, stomatal density, and net assimilation rate (NAR). Findings indicated that the application of nutrient and biological inputs resulted in similar physiological values across all treatments. The leaf chlorophyll index remained stable between 43.47 and 48.83 SPAD units, while stomatal density was recorded within the range of 129.94 to 219.11 stomata mm -2. Furthermore, the net assimilation rate varied from 0.08913 to 0.41975 g m -2 week -1. While providing similar overall outcomes, the effects of drought stress tended to be counterbalanced by the treatments. Several combinations produced higher physiological values compared to the control, indicating their potential as alternative agronomic strategies to maintain seedling resilience under drought. This study establishes a baseline for understanding the interactive effects of multi-input strategies on early-stage coffee resilience.
Rangga Sidik Nur Rohman, M. A. Soleh, Yudithia Maxiselly· Gunung Djati Conference Seri...· 0 citations
Drought is a major abiotic stress that severely limits cotton productivity by reducing growth, yield, and fiber quality. Understanding genotype-specific responses to reproductive-stage drought is essential for identifying reliable selection traits and improving drought resilience in cotton breeding programs. This study evaluated 54 cotton genotypes at the flowering stage under three irrigation regimes: well-watered conditions (80% FC), mild drought stress (60% FC), and severe drought stress (40% FC). Morphological traits (root and shoot biomass), physiological traits (photosynthetic rate, leaf water loss, and relative water content), and biochemical traits (proline, soluble sugars, amino acids, antioxidant enzyme activities, and reactive oxygen species) were assessed. Drought treatments were imposed for three consecutive weeks during flowering to investigate genotype responses to varying levels of water deficit. The experiment was conducted in a rain-out shelter using a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications for each genotype–treatment combination. Cotton accessions were grown in plastic containers. Significant genotype-dependent variation was observed across all drought treatments, with responses becoming more pronounced under severe stress. Two-way analysis of variance revealed that drought significantly affected all measured traits. Descriptive statistics and boxplot analyses further illustrated variations in trait performance among genotypes under different stress levels. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed clear phenotypic divergence among genotypes and highlighted trait associations under contrasting water regimes. Heatmap analysis further confirmed genotype grouping patterns and their relationships with the evaluated traits. Moreover, MGIDI-based selection at 15% selection intensity identified G
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(FH-901), G
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(N-1048), G
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(N-135), G
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(FH-Super-Cotton), G
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(FH-556), G
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(MNH-1035), G
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(N-135-BB-121/38), and G
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(IUB-13) as drought-tolerant genotypes based on their lower MGIDI values and favorable performance. These genotypes exhibited superior performance, greater water retention, lower oxidative damage, and stronger antioxidant defense systems under water-deficit conditions. The findings provide valuable insights for cotton breeding programs aimed at developing drought-resilient cultivars and support sustainable cotton production in water-limited environments.
M. Y. Shani, A. Ditta, Muhammad Kashif Riaz Khan· Scientific Reports· 0 citations
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