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RePro: Proof-Verified Benchmark Rewriting for Reliable Evaluation of LLM Mathematical Problem Solving

Xiyuan Zhou Zhuoqi Li Xinlei Wang Yirui He Yuhao Wu Yuheng Cheng Yan Xu Junhua Zhao Jinjin Gu
Sep 2026
Artificial Intelligence Natural Language Processing

Abstract

Data contamination undermines the reliable evaluation of large language models (LLMs) on mathematical problem solving. While rewriting-based evaluation mitigates memorization, existing methods lack guarantees of problem validity and answer correctness. We propose Proof-Verified Benchmark Rewriting (RePro), the first framework to integrate Lean-oriented neural automated theorem provers (ATPs) into benchmark rewriting, which rewrites problems and regenerates answers with correctness ensured by Lean-verified proofs. Experiments on GSM8K and MATH show that RePro's retained rewritten instances achieve 100% well-definedness, feasibility, and answer correctness, while existing methods still produce invalid or incorrect instances. Moreover, several models exhibit accuracy drops on proof-verified rewritten benchmarks, suggesting that their performance is sensitive to surface-level and structural variations and may partly reflect memorization effects. Our source code and data are available at https://github.com/AI4Engi/RePro.

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