Aug 2026· Genetics and Molecular Research· 0 citations· 18 references
Abstract
gA field experiment was conducted during the rabi seasons of 2024-25 and 2025-26 at the Student Instructional Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India to evaluate the impact of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) on soil physico-chemical properties and soil fertility under Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications comprising ten nutrient management treatments involving different combinations of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and Azotobacter. Soil samples collected after harvest were analyzed for physical and chemical properties. Integrated application of organic manures, biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers significantly improved soil health over the control. The treatment comprising 50% RDF + PSB + 2.0 t ha-1 vermicompost + 5.0 t ha-1 FYM (T10) recorded the lowest bulk density (1.24 Mg m-3), particle density (2.34 Mg m-3), soil pH (7.47) and electrical conductivity (0.32 dS m-1), while exhibiting the highest total porosity (46.02%), water holding capacity (39.51%), cation exchange capacity (14.15 Cmol(p⁺) kg-1), organic carbon (0.451%), exchangeable calcium (3.40 Cmol(p⁺) kg-1) and magnesium (1.00 Cmol(p⁺) kg-1) in T10. However, the highest available nitrogen (198.83 kg ha-1) was recorded under 100% RDF (T2), whereas the maximum available phosphorus (24.08 kg ha-1), potassium (228.42 kg ha-1) and sulphur (9.75 kg ha-1) were observed under 75% RDF + PSB + 1.0 t ha-1 vermicompost + 2.5 t ha-1 FYM (T6). The study demonstrates that integrated nutrient management effectively enhances soil physical and chemical properties while improving nutrient availability, thereby contributing to sustainable mustard production.
Fertiliser source can influence crop growth and soil properties, but comparative information for pea cultivation under the mid-hill agro-climatic conditions of Himachal Pradesh remains limited. A field experiment was conducted at Panjiala Village, Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh, India, during the rabi season from December 2025 to March 2026 to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilisers on soil health and the growth performance of pea (Pisum sativum L.) cv. PB-89. The experiment was laid out in a randomised block design (RBD) with three treatments and three replications: T₁ (vermicompost applied at 5 t ha⁻¹, equivalent to 3.0 kg per gross plot), T₂ (seaweed-fortified granules applied at 416.7 kg ha⁻¹, equivalent to 250 g per gross plot), and T₃ (unfertilised control). The fertilisers were thoroughly incorporated into the soil before sowing, and observations were recorded from the net plot area (2.4 m × 1.8 m). Soil samples collected before sowing and after harvest were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon, available phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, calcium, magnesium, soil texture, and soil colour. Plant height and number of leaves were recorded at weekly intervals from December to March. The organic treatment produced the greatest plant height (76.0 ± 8.25 cm) and number of leaves (79.0 ± 8.40) and increased soil organic carbon from 0.80% before sowing to 1.10% after harvest. In contrast, the inorganic treatment recorded the highest available phosphorus (32.8 kg ha⁻¹) and potassium (385.6 kg ha⁻¹) after harvest. Soil pH remained slightly to moderately acidic, while EC remained within the normal range under all treatments. These results suggest that vermicompost was more effective in improving vegetative growth and soil organic carbon, whereas seaweed-fortified granules enhanced the availability of phosphorus and potassium under the agro-climatic conditions of Himachal Pradesh.
Arti Rana, Simran, Madhu et al.· International Journal of Pla...· 0 citations
The declining productivity of rice and deterioration of soil health associated with conventional rice cultivation necessitate the adoption of sustainable nutrient management strategies. Field experiments were conducted during the Kharif seasons of 2021–22 and 2022–23 at the Students’ Instructional Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, to evaluate the effects of organic manure, inorganic fertilisers and bio-inoculants on the growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment comprised 18 treatment combinations arranged in a randomised block design with 3 replications, involving different combinations of inorganic fertilisers, organic manures and biofertilisers. The results indicated that among the various growth parameters, the maximum plant height (99.15 cm and 99.85 cm), number of tillers (409.4 m-2 and 412.25 m-2), dry matter accumulation (760.48 g m-2 and 764.34 g m-2) and leaf area index (4.32 and 4.37) were recorded during 2021–22 and 2022–23, respectively, under treatment T17 (100 % NPK + 5 t ha-1 FYM + Azolla 300 kg ha-1 + S 30 kg ha-1 + Zn 5 kg ha-1). These findings highlight the synergistic effects of integrating organic and inorganic nutrient sources along with bio-inoculants. This integrated approach enhances crop performance, improves soil sustainability and ensures better economic returns, making it a promising strategy for modern rice farming systems.
Yadav Abhishek Singh, S. Sanjeev, S. Krashankant et al.· Plant Science Today· 0 citations
French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume vegetable crop; the integrated use of biochar with inorganic fertilisers may improve soil properties, nutrient availability and nutrient-use efficiency. Therefore, evaluating this approach is important for achieving sustainable and productive French bean cultivation in the Inceptisols of the Kanpur region. A field experiment was conducted at the Student's Instructional Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, during the Rabi season of 2025-26 to evaluate the effect of graded levels of biochar and fertiliser on the growth, yield-attributing characters and yield of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Arka Komal grown on a sandy loam Inceptisol. The experiment comprised eight distinct treatment combinations (T1 to T8) evaluated in a randomised block design with three replications. The treatments incorporated varying levels of the recommended dose of fertiliser (RDF), namely 100%, 75%, and 50% RDF, together with biochar application rates of 1, 1.5, and 2 t ha-1. Growth, yield-attributing characters and yield were significantly influenced by treatment: T₄ (100% RDF + biochar @ 2.0 t ha⁻¹) recorded the maximum plant height of 14.50 cm at 30 days after sowing (DAS) and 45.12 cm at 60 DAS. Furthermore, the highest pod length (12.34 cm), number of pods plant-1 (32.42), seed index (42.12 g), seed yield (16.85 q ha-1), straw yield (27.68 q ha-1) and biological yield (44.53 q ha-1) were recorded under treatment T4, representing a substantial seed yield increase of approximately 31.03% over the control treatment (T8: 50% RDF + Biochar @ 2.0 t ha-1). Harvest index (35.42–37.84%) did not differ significantly among treatments. Combining the full recommended fertiliser dose with biochar @ 2.0 t ha⁻¹ was an effective option for improving French bean productivity on the alluvial Inceptisols of the Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh.
A. Maurya, Anil Kumar Singh, Om Kumar et al.· International Journal of Pla...· 0 citations
A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2025–26 at the AICRP on Dryland Agriculture Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, to evaluate the influence of organic manures and inorganic Fertilizers on the physico-chemical properties of Vertisols under chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivation. The experiment comprised nine treatments involving different levels of inorganic Fertilizers, farmyard manure (FYM), crop residues and their combinations, arranged in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The integrated application of FYM (6 t ha⁻¹) with N₂₀P₁₃ (T₆) significantly improved soil quality compared with the sole inorganic Fertilizer treatments and the control. This treatment recorded the highest soil organic carbon (0.79%), available nitrogen (318 kg ha⁻¹), available phosphorus (16.2 kg ha⁻¹), available potassium (730 kg ha⁻¹) and available sulphur (19.3 mg kg⁻¹). Organic manure treatments also reduced soil bulk density and enhanced water-holding capacity while maintaining soil pH and electrical conductivity within acceptable limits. Furthermore, integrated nutrient management increased the availability of DTPA-extractable micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) and improved chickpea growth and productivity. The results indicate that combining organic manures with inorganic Fertilizers improved soil physico-chemical properties, nutrient availability and soil fertility under the experimental conditions. Integrated nutrient management may therefore be an effective strategy for maintaining soil health and improving crop productivity in Vertisols.
Ranjana Vasunya, Bharat Singh, Divya Bhayal et al.· Journal of Experimental Agri...· 0 citations
A field experiment was conducted during the kharif 2022 and rabi 2022–2023 seasons at the Research Farm of Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India, to evaluate the effects of different nutrient-management strategies on crop productivity, system productivity, production efficiency, land-use efficiency, and economics of a maize (Zea mays L.)–mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cropping system under semi-arid conditions. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with seven nutrient-management treatments comprising 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), organic farming, natural farming, integrated nutrient management (INM), site-specific nutrient management (SSNM), farmers’ practice, and 75% RDF integrated with green manuring, with three replications. Site-specific nutrient management (SSNM), comprising 100% of the recommended nutrients supplemented with Zn @ 5 kg ha⁻¹, B @ 1 kg ha⁻¹, S @ 60 kg ha⁻¹, and Fe @ 1 kg ha⁻¹, recorded the highest growth and yield attributes in both crops. In maize, SSNM produced the maximum plant height (205.46 cm), grain yield (4660 kg ha⁻¹), straw yield (9735 kg ha⁻¹), and biological yield (14396 kg ha⁻¹). Similarly, in mustard, it recorded the highest plant height (248.77 cm), siliquae plant⁻¹ (353.33), seed yield (2026 kg ha⁻¹), stover yield (4968 kg ha⁻¹), and biological yield (6994 kg ha⁻¹). The same treatment also resulted in the highest mustard equivalent yield (3702 kg ha⁻¹), production efficiency (14.76 kg ha⁻¹ day⁻¹), and land-use efficiency (68.68%). Economic analysis revealed that SSNM generated the maximum gross and net returns from both maize (₹128,441 and ₹77,051 ha⁻¹, respectively) and mustard (₹127,829 and ₹83,417 ha⁻¹, respectively), whereas the highest benefit:cost ratio in mustard (1.96) was recorded under 75% RDF integrated with green manuring. The findings demonstrate that site-specific nutrient management integrating balanced macro- and micronutrient application substantially enhanced crop productivity, system efficiency, and profitability of the maize–mustard cropping system and can be recommended as a sustainable nutrient management strategy for the semi-arid Bundelkhand region.
Artika Singh, Shivank Prajapati, R. Choudhary et al.· International Journal of Pla...· 0 citations
A field experiment was carried out during the boro seasons of 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 at the Agricultural Experimental Farm of the University of Calcutta, located at Baruipur, West Bengal, India, to study the economics of different integrated nutrient management practices in the Chandra rice variety (MTU-1153). The soil was moderately fertile, with a pH of around 6.0 and a clayey loam texture. The experiment consisted of ten treatments arranged in a randomised block design (RBD) with three replications, viz., 50% of the recommended dose of fertiliser (RDF) N-P2O5-K2O + farmyard manure (FYM) @ 5 t ha-1, 75% RDF N-P2O5-K2O + FYM @ 5 t ha-1, 50% RDF N-P2O5-K2O + FYM @ 7 t ha-1, 75% RDF N-P2O5-K2O + FYM @ 7 t ha-1, 50% RDF N-P2O5-K2O + Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1, 75% RDF N-P2O5-K2O + Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1, 50% RDF N-P2O5-K2O + Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1, 75% RDF N-P2O5-K2O + Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1, 100% RDF N-P2O5-K2O and Control. The highest grain and straw yields were recorded with the treatment 75% RDF N-P2O5-K2O + Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1, at (60.40 and 60.97) q ha-1 and (76.20 and 76.70) q ha-1, respectively. The results revealed that the highest gross return was obtained with the application of 75% RDF N-P2O5-K2O + Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1, at Rs. (146990.00 and 157021.00) ha-1, whereas the highest net profit was recorded with the treatment (100% RDF N-P2O5-K2O), at Rs. (69256.00 and 72234.00) ha-1 during both years and in the pooled analysis. The same treatment, i.e., (100% RDF N-P2O5-K2O), recorded the highest benefit-cost (B:C) ratio (2.02) compared with the other treated plots.
Subham Chakraborty, A. Dolai, S. K. Patra et al.· Journal of Advances in Biolo...· 0 citations
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