TL;DR
The results demonstrate that garlic-associated FOSC populations in Türkiye exhibit limited genetic differentiation despite considerable phenotypic variation in pathogenicity, and establishes a basis for future epidemiological, phylogenetic, and disease management studies.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is a soil-borne fungal pathogen responsible for fusarium wilt, which constitutes one of the major constraints in banana cultivation. Information on the occurrence and molecular characteristics of Foc in Malang Regency, one of the banana-producing areas in East Java, Indonesia, remains limited, hindering effective disease surveillance and management. This study was conducted to isolate and characterize fungal isolates associated with fusarium wilt disease in banana plants using an integrated approach combining morphological characterization, pathogenicity testing, PCR amplification, ITS sequence analysis, and phylogenetic analysis. Three fungal isolates were recovered from symptomatic banana plants collected in Donomulyo, Malang Regency, and one representative isolate (DNM) was selected for molecular characterization based on its morphological similarity to the other isolates. Morphological observations revealed characteristics typical of Fusarium oxysporum. ITS sequence analysis showed 100% query coverage and 100% sequence identity with reference Foc sequences available in GenBank, while phylogenetic analysis clustered the DNM isolate with reference Foc isolates with 94% bootstrap support. Pathogenicity assays demonstrated that the isolate induced typical fusarium wilt symptoms, resulting in an LDI of 16.39% at 14 DAI and an RDI of 41.67% at 45 DAI. These findings provide baseline information on putative Foc isolates in Malang Regency, particularly in the Donomulyo area, and establish an integrated characterization framework to support disease surveillance, early detection, and the development of integrated management strategies for fusarium wilt in banana production systems.
The results show that FOLac populations in Spain are epidemiologically and biologically heterogeneous and highlight the need to integrate molecular tools and pathogenicity assays for race surveillance, breeding programs, and disease management.
This study provides a collection of biocontrol bacterial resources and genomic information for managing cowpea Fusarium wilt.
Fusarium crown and root rot is one of the main threats to asparagus production worldwide. The aetiology of the disease, attributed to several species of Fusarium and Neocosmospora, has not been re-evaluated in the context of recent advances in Fusarium taxonomy, and relevant studies in The Netherlands are scarce and outdated. Asparagus officinalis plants and associated soil samples were assessed from 38 cultivated fields and one location where this plant naturally occurs in The Netherlands. A total of 164 specimens were obtained yielding 551 fungal strains. Fungal identification according to DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses based on fragments of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) and the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) showed that these isolates belonged to 20 taxa (Fusarium acuminatum, F. annulatum, F. avenaceum, F. carminascens, F. celtidicola, F. clavus, F. cugenangense, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. flagelliforme, F. flocciferum, F. inflexum, F. nirenbergiae, F. odoratissimum, F. oxysporum, F. redolens, F. vanleeuwenii, Neocosmospora geoasparagicola, N. solani and N. stercicola), of which 11 species (Fusarium avenaceum, F. carminascens, F. celtidicola, F. clavus, F. cugenangense, F. flagelliforme, F. flocciferum, F. inflexum, F. odoratissimum, F. vanleeuwenii and N. stercicola) are first reports on A. officinalis. These results, and testing of Koch’s postulates on A. officinallis plantlets, showed that F. annulatum, F. culmorum, F. redolens, F. nirenbergiae and N. solani were the most prevalent and aggressive species. In contrast, although F. oxysporum is pathogenic to A. officinalis, it was among the least prevalent species encountered in this study.
The current epidemic of banana Fusarium wilt is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4). Foc TR4 originates in Asia and was first reported in the early 1990s, whereafter it was restricted to five Asian countries and the Northern Territory of Australia for two decades. Since 2013, the fungus was detected in the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, Africa and Latin America. Its recent spread may be caused by the expansion of Cavendish banana production and the movement of contaminated planting materials. Whole genome sequences of 119 Foc TR4 isolates were compared based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess the population structure, genetic diversity and relation among isolates from 20 countries to reveal the evolutionary origin and likely migration. Foc TR4 is a monophyletic lineage divided into four clusters. Two of the clusters included isolates mostly from eastern Indonesia and seem to be ancestral with many rare alleles and high genetic diversity supporting this region as centre of origin. The remaining clusters were less diverse and associated with pandemic expansion. Knowledge on Foc TR4 emergence and dispersal can be used to inform more effective biosecurity and management practice.
The results suggest that pathogenic variation in Foc is unlikely to be explained by a single conserved virulence determinant or core-genome mutation alone, and contributes a valuable resource for future studies of pepper fusarium wilt.
We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads. See our Cookie Policy.
