Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Hydatid Cyst in Baghlan Prov-ince, Afghanistan

Abstract

Background: Hydatid cyst is a neglected zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. While Afghanistan is a known endemic country, detailed epidemiological data from specific provinces remain scarce. We aimed to describe the demographic, clinical, and cyst‑related characteristics of patients diagnosed with hydatid cyst in Baghlan Province. Afghanistan Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of 26 patients with confirmed hydatid cyst disease, treated at four hospitals in Baghlan Province from March 2022 to December 2025. Information on demographic characteristics (including age, sex, and place of residence), cyst localization, and clinical manifestations was collected and assessed using descriptive statistical methods. Results: Among 26 patients, the majority were female (n=17, 65.4%). The mean age was 32.5 years (range 7–80 years old). The liver was the predominant site of involvement, either as a single organ or as part of multiple organ involvement (n=25, 96.2%). Among liver cysts, the right upper quadrant was the most frequent location (n=24, 92.3%). The most common symptoms included abdominal pain (n=24, 92.3%), fever (n=20, 76.9%), nausea (n=5, 19.2%), and anorexia (n=4, 15.4%). Unusual cyst locations were observed in three patients: lung (n=1), spleen (n=1), and uterus (n=1). No patient had documented central nervous system or orbital involvement. Conclusion: Hydatid cyst in Baghlan Province predominantly affects young to middle‑aged females and most frequently involves the liver. The presence of extra‑hepatic localizations, albeit rare, underscores the need for a high index of suspicion in endemic regions. Public health interventions should target rural farming communities where livestock rearing is common.