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Open access Aug 2026

First Sounds, Second Language: How Word Onsets Spark Language Co-Activation in 3-Year-Old Bilinguals.

Adult and young bilinguals co-activate their languages to different degrees, even in entirely monolingual tasks. However, many studies use translation pairs with high phonological overlap (e.g., the English-GERMAN: "milk"-"MILCH"), making it difficult to discern the origin of the co-activation. This study examined lang...

Daniela S. Avila-Varela, Nuria Sebastian-Galles · 0 citations
Open access Aug 2026

Translation direction and word familiarity in word translation: an fNIRS study of intermediate Japanese learners of English

Introduction Many studies have examined the neural bases of word translation based on the revised hierarchical model (RHM). However, the findings reported thus far, mostly focusing on advanced or elementary second-language (L2) learners, have been diverse and often inconsistent. Thus, to explore possible neural bases f...

Wakana Kawai, Kiyomitsu Niioka, Hikari Tanaka et al. · 0 citations
Jul 2026

Non-Natives Are Not Always Disadvantaged: Better-Than-Native Learning of Novel English Stress-Based Word Contrasts in Cantonese Listeners

This study investigated whether a Cantonese advantage in English lexical stress perception would benefit word learning. Twenty Cantonese listeners and 20 English listeners completed four sessions of English word learning, in which the English pseudowords differed in segmental information, lexical stress, or...

William W. L. Choi, Ester Sze Hang Chan, Pandora Joy Sze et al. · 0 citations
Aug 2026

The transfer of prior experience with pitch during tonal language learning

Studies in second language (L2) acquisition suggest that when the target L2 contains features similar to the learner’s first language (L1), it is generally easier to learn that L2 than if they share minimal similarities. For example, it is easier for native Mandarin speakers to learn a new tonal language than native En...

Carissa A. Diantoro, Melissa M. Baese-Berk · 0 citations
Open access Aug 2026

Linguistic frame switching in German–English bilinguals: implications for neuroscience

Introduction: Multilingual speakers frequently report that operating in a different language involves more than a change in grammatical system. The phenomenon at issue is linguistic frame switching (LFS): the involuntary reorganisation of cognitive, emotional, and identity-relevant schemas when a multilingual speaker m...

Judith Zangerle · 0 citations
Open access Sep 2026

Asymmetrical Effects of Language Mixing in Bilingual Children’s Word Learning

Language mixing is a common feature of bilingual environments, yet its effects on bilingual children’s word learning remain inconsistent across studies. The present study examined how language mixing affects novel word learning in 3- to 4-year-old Korean–English bilinguals, extending previous work to an understudied la...

Minjeong Kang, Youngon Choi · 0 citations

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