Interaction Analysis of the ANKK1 Gene Taq1A rs1800497 Polymorphism and Personality Traits in a Cohort of Elite Athletes

Abstract

The ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism (rs1800497) has been linked to substance dependence, possibly through reduced striatal D2 receptor density and altered dopamine signaling. Beyond addiction, dopaminergic pathways are also implicated in motivation, reward, and athletic behavior. Personality further contributes to performance, as traits influence athletes’ engagement and preparation. The aim of this study was to examine: (1) the association between ANKK1 TaqIA rs1800497 and elite athletic status; (2) differences in personality traits measured by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) between athletes and controls; and (3) interactions between the genotype, athletic status, and personality. The study included 141 competitive athletes competing nationally or internationally and 182 controls (total N = 323). Genotype analysis revealed significant differences between groups (p = 0.0439), with the C allele more frequent in athletes and the T allele in controls (p = 0.0158). Athletes scored higher on conscientiousness (p = 0.0001). Interaction analyses showed significant effects of genotype × athletic status for neuroticism (p = 0.0065), extraversion (p = 0.0403), and agreeableness (p = 0.0191). These findings not only provide a compelling rationale for further investigation into the role of ANKK1 in modulating personality traits relevant to athletic performance, but also suggest potential practical applications in the field of sports science—for example, in talent identification, a personalized training program design, and psychological support strategies aimed at optimizing athletes’ performance and well-being.