RenderMatte: Exact-Alpha Rendering and Group-Relative Alignment for Image Matting

Abstract

Image matting is an essential enabling technology for modern visual content production, where foreground extraction determines the realism and editability of downstream creation workflows. However, precise alpha estimation in open-world scenes remains challenging because real foregrounds exhibit highly diverse appearances and opacity patterns. This makes existing methods struggle with semantic ambiguity and fine-grained opacity variation, especially in sparse boundary regions that are fragile and difficult to supervise. To address this gap, we present RenderMatte, a trimap-guided matting framework that adapts FLUX.1 Kontext through full-parameter fine-tuning, leveraging image editing priors for structure-preserving alpha prediction. During supervised adaptation, an alpha-edge objective preserves the latent flow-matching signal while strengthening pixel-space boundary supervision. We further introduce group-relative alpha alignment for post-training. It compares multiple mattes sampled under the same trimap condition using matting-specific rewards for alpha accuracy, boundary fidelity, trimap compliance, and compositional consistency. To overcome the lack of precise edge annotations, we construct the RenderMatte dataset, a large-scale synthetic dataset combining 3D-rendered RGBA foregrounds with diverse multi-source assets. It features exact strand-level alpha annotations and diverse background composites. Experiments show state-of-the-art performance across all benchmarks, demonstrating a scalable path toward high-fidelity matting in open-world scenes.