Jul 2026· SIAM Journal on Mathematics of Data Science· Vol 8, pp. 649-676· 0 citations· 21 references
TL;DR
A machine-learning framework to learn the hyperparameter sequence of first-order methods to quickly solve parametric convex optimization problems, and shows how to learn hyperparameters for several popular algorithms: gradient descent, proximal gradient descent, and two ADMM-based solvers.
Abstract
Abstract.
We introduce a machine-learning framework to learn the hyperparameter sequence of first-order methods (e.g. , the step sizes in gradient descent) to quickly solve parametric convex optimization problems. Our computational architecture amounts to running fixed-point iterations where the hyperparameters are the same across all parametric instances and consists of two phases. In the first step-varying phase the hyperparameters vary across iterations, while in the second steady-state phase the hyperparameters are constant across iterations. Our learned optimizer is flexible, in that it can be evaluated on any number of iterations and is guaranteed to converge to an optimal solution. To train, we minimize the mean square error to a ground truth solution. In the case of gradient descent, the one-step optimal step size is the solution to a least squares problem, and in the case of unconstrained quadratic minimization, we can compute the two-step and three-step optimal solutions in closed form. In other cases, we backpropagate through the algorithm steps to minimize the training objective after a given number of steps. We show how to learn hyperparameters for several popular algorithms: gradient descent, proximal gradient descent, and two ADMM-based solvers: OSQP and SCS. We use a sample convergence bound to obtain generalization guarantees for the performance of our learned algorithm for unseen data, providing both lower and upper bounds. We showcase the effectiveness of our method with many examples, including ones from control, signal processing, and machine learning. Remarkably, our approach is highly data-efficient in that we only use 10 problem instances to train the hyperparameters in all of our examples.
The approach proposed in this paper enables a more capable DDDAS paradigm by improving the efficiency of the data-model-optimization loop by extracting a generalization bound based on Rademacher complexity that reveals the role of the $k-neighborhoods and related parameters.
This work develops comparison-oracle variants of Normalized Gradient Descent and Gradient Descent with Polyak stepsizes and establishes explicit upper bounds on the approximation error that guarantee convergence and derive convergence rates for all proposed methods.
We consider stochastic multi-objective optimization over a nonempty closed convex set, where every objective is an expectation and only sample-gradient information is available. We develop a line-search-free and function-value-free adaptive projected-gradient algorithm for the sample-average approximation (SAA) problem. Each iteration computes a feasible regularized multi-gradient step and updates the regularization parameter from the projected step length. A normal-cone-based certificate yields descent estimates and an explicit complexity bound for the Pareto-stationarity residual of the SAA problem. The consistency of SAA gradients then transfers vanishing SAA residuals to Pareto stationarity for the population problem, while an additional concentration argument gives a finite-sample residual bound on compact sets. Experiments on synthetic problems, classification, portfolio selection, multi-task learning, and robot control illustrate the practical performance of our algorithm.
This work proposes a hypergradient-based bilevel RL algorithm using the optimality of the Boltzmann policy for the entropy regularized discounted RL objective function and obtains an iteration complexity of $O(\epsilon^{-1})$ and state-of-the-art sample complexity of $\tilde{O}(\epsilon^{-2})$ under mild regularity conditions.
Naman Saxena, Mudit Gaur, Vaneet Aggarwal· arXiv.org· 0 citations
Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is the primary workhorse for large-scale optimization. While the average behavior of its iterates, typically characterized by mean-squared error bounds, is well-understood, obtaining high-probability guarantees for the last iterate remains challenging. Prior approaches to this problem have either imposed restrictive assumptions (such as bounded domains or gradients) or relied on complex proofs involving auxiliary sequences. In this work, we propose Batched SGD, a simple variant that partitions online samples into epochs and performs a single update per epoch using a refined, low-variance gradient estimate. Our main contribution demonstrates that this batching mechanism enables a surprisingly simple high-probability analysis that avoids both restrictive assumptions and auxiliary sequences. Under standard smoothness and norm-sub-Gaussian noise assumptions, we establish near-optimal rates for both strongly convex and non-convex objectives. Furthermore, we show that our batching idea extends naturally to federated learning (FL). We provide the first high-probability guarantees for FL, achieving logarithmic communication complexity, linear speedup in the number of agents, and resilience to data heterogeneity.
Feng Zhu, Robert W. Heath, Aritra Mitra· 0 citations