Epizootology of factor-endogenous infections
TL;DR
It is shown that factor-endogenous infections do not always fit into the traditional model of the epizootic process, since they may develop without typical pathogen introduction and chain transmission, and it is substantiated that such diseases retain population significance for industrial livestock farming and should be considered within the framework of modern epizootology.
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the epizootology of factor-endogenous infections. The theoretical foundations of the epizootic process are considered, including the differences between the classical exogenous variant of infectious pathology and the endogenous, “closed” variant, in which risk factors, dysbiosis, immunodeficiency states, and activation of opportunistic microorganisms play a decisive role. Particular attention is paid to the microbiological prerequisites of endogenous infections, eubiosis, dysbiosis, viral persistence, and the opportunistic pathogenicity of microbiota representatives. It is shown that factor-endogenous infections do not always fit into the traditional model of the epizootic process, since they may develop without typical pathogen introduction and chain transmission. It is substantiated that such diseases retain population significance for industrial livestock farming and should be considered within the framework of modern epizootology. Emphasis is placed on the need to take into account the state of the microbiota, housing factors, the immunological status of animals, and environmental conditions when assessing the risk of mass infectious pathology. The practical significance of the work is associated with the clarification of approaches to the prevention of factor-related diseases and the interpretation of their epizootological status. This is especially important for large farms with high animal stocking density and technological stressors".