Skip to content
Open access

Conformationally constrained 6‑aryl‑1‑(3,4,5‑trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4‑b]pyrazines as novel microtubule destabilizers: design, synthesis, and antitumor evaluation

Aug 2026 · Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry · Vol 41 · 0 citations · 25 references
Medicine

TL;DR

Findings establish the pyrazolo[3,4‑b]pyrazine scaffold as a promising platform for microtubule‑targeting anticancer agents and identify 10t as a compelling lead for further development.

Abstract

Abstract A novel class of 6-aryl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine derivatives was designed and synthesized as tubulin polymerization disruptors. Among them, compound 10t emerged as the most potent agent, exhibiting IC₅。 values of 0.13-0.18 µM against HeLa, SGC‑7901, and MCF‑7 cancer cell lines. Functional studies revealed that 10t effectively inhibits tubulin assembly in vitro, destabilizes cellular microtubule networks, induces G₂/M cell‑cycle arrest, and triggers apoptosis. Molecular docking indicated that 10t binds to the colchicine site on tubulin, forming a unique hydrogen bond with β‑Asn349 that is not observed with the reference compound CA‑4. Importantly, 10t showed significantly lower cytotoxicity toward normal HUVECs than CA‑4, suggesting an improved safety profile. Collectively, these findings establish the pyrazolo[3,4‑b]pyrazine scaffold as a promising platform for microtubule‑targeting anticancer agents and identify 10t as a compelling lead for further development.

Read PDF

Similar papers

Open access Aug 2026

Novel 6-aryl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation as potent tubulin polymerisation inhibitors with anticancer activity

Mechanistic assays confirmed 9t serves as a promising dual-function tubulin inhibitor with both cytostatic and cytotoxic anticancer effects, meriting further preclinical investigation.

Jia-Ke Gao, Yu-Jing Zhang, Rui Qu et al. · 0 citations
Open access Sep 2026

Design, synthesis, molecular docking and anticancer activity of novel N-(4-(chlorodifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide derivatives

Results suggest that the N-(4-(chlorodifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide scaffold is a useful template for designing selective BCR-ABL1-directed anticancer agents, with compound 9c as an encouraging lead for further optimisation and mechanistic studies.

Pradeep B. Bhise, Sandeep B. Bhise, Somnath Dasgupta et al. · 0 citations
Aug 2026

Discovery, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 1,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-6H-pyrano[4,3-c]isoquinolin-6-one Derivatives as Novel and Highly Selective PARP1 Inhibitors.

(R)-A17, a novel, highly selective PARP1 inhibitor featuring a unique tricyclic scaffold, is developed and established as a promising candidate and the design strategy for the next-generation PARP1-targeted therapy is validated.

Zhongning Guo, Rongrong Sun, Lin-Yu Yang et al. · 0 citations
Aug 2026

Novel [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives as promising antioxidant and antimicrobial agents: Synthesis, antibiofilm, DFT calculations, molecular docking, ADMET analysis, and MD simulations.

The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance necessitates the discovery of novel therapeutic scaffolds with distinct mechanisms of action. A novel series of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives (FNT01-12) featuring various aromatic substitutions at positions 5 and 7 was designed, synthesized, and evaluated...

Farid M. Sroor, Ahmed F. El-Sayed · 0 citations
Aug 2026

Design, synthesis, and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of novel diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-3-yl-thioacetamide-chalcone hybrids as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors targeting type 2 diabetes.

A novel series of 5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-3-yl-thioacetamide-chalcone hybrids (9a-n) was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antidiabetic potential. All derivatives exhibited potent in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.2-112 μM) compared with acarbose (IC50 = 750.0 μM). The most potent co...

Elika Salehi Ghalehsefid, Mohammad Halimi, Hassan Mohammadi et al. · 0 citations

We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads. See our Cookie Policy.