Electro-Hydrogen Synergistic Dispatch for Wind-Solar-Tidal Port Microgrids: A Two-Stage Stochastic Framework with Adaptive Progressive Hedging

Abstract

The decarbonization of multi-energy coupled ports necessitates addressing the complex interplay between renewable energy fluctuations and flexible load management. However, existing research has clear limitations in describing multi-source uncertainties and clarifying the synergistic mechanism of electro-hydrogen energy storage systems. To fill this gap, this study addresses the core problem of the coordinated operation of port microgrids under multiple uncertainties. A comprehensive physical model is established for wind–solar–tidal–hydrogen systems, capturing the intricate dynamics of the “generation–consumption–storage–conversion” chain. A novel two-stage stochastic optimization framework, integrating day-ahead pre-decision with real-time compensation, is proposed. To overcome computational bottlenecks, an adaptive progressive hedging algorithm is introduced. Comparative analyses show that the proposed strategy reduces the total port operational costs by 60.8% and grid transaction costs by 74.4%, compared with the single-stage deterministic mode. The adaptive PH algorithm also achieves 4–6 times higher computational efficiency than quadratic integer Benders decomposition, while maintaining an optimality gap below 2%. These findings elucidate the critical synergy between electro-hydrogen storage and stochastic optimization, offering a theoretical basis for sustainable port operations.