Research on Machining Deformation Simulation and Prediction of Low-Stiffness Structural Components under Cutting Force

Abstract

During the cutting process of low-stiffness structural components, the coupling effect between dynamic deformation and cutting forces presents a significant challenge in accurately predicting machining-induced deformations, thereby complicating quality control in the manufacturing of such parts. To address this issue, a cutting force-structural coupling simulation method that combines experiment and finite element is proposed, which takes into account the low-stiffness characteristics of structural components. Focusing on thin-plate parts as the research object, an orthogonal experimental scheme is designed considering workpiece thickness that serves as an indicator of rigidity. A milling force prediction model correlated with workpiece thickness is established. Based on the predicted cutting forces, a multi-analysis-step simulation method is introduced to analyze the machining deformation of structural parts. Additionally, a theoretical analytical model for the machining deformation of thin-plate workpieces is developed. A comparison between the theoretical and simulation results shows a relative error of less than 1.03%, validating the accuracy of the proposed simulation method. Finally, the exponential regression model for the machining deformation is constructed using training data obtained from the simulations. The prediction error of the regression model is less than 15%. The findings of this study are also applicable to predicting machining deformations in other large and low-stiffness structural components.