Intelligent Perception Systems for Vehicles: A Review of Observation Technologies in Environmental Risk Mitigation and Resource Optimization

Abstract

Vehicles that have intelligent perception systems are the first in the new wave of innovation that is geared towards enhancing transportation safety, sustainability, and efficiency. Such systems are a collection of sensors, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and real-time data processing to allow vehicles to sense and understand their surroundings with a great level of accuracy. In this review, we discuss the use of intelligent perception technologies in reducing environmental hazards and leveraging resources to the fullest. It discusses important sensor technologies, such as cameras, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), radar, and ultrasonic sensors, as well as AI-based decision-making systems that enable vehicles to respond to changing driving conditions. Intelligent perception systems can help reduce vehicle emissions and minimize the environmental effects of cars by optimizing driving behaviors and consuming less fuel. The significance of optimizing resources is also addressed in the review, with references to the applications of intelligent routing, eco-driving, and autonomous vehicle systems. Although these technologies are promising, there are challenges such as the integration of the technologies, issues related to sensor fusion, data privacy, and infrastructure upgrade that are required. Also, new technologies like 5G connectivity, edge computing, and sensor technology will develop further to add additional features to the intelligent perception systems. The article ends by highlighting that such technologies can be transformative in the pursuit of sustainable, efficient, and safe forms of transportation.