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Serum VIP and IL‐1β Levels Are Associated With Anxiety and Depression in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Liang-Yu Li Xiao-Yang Jia Ying-Chang Shi Ze-Xin Yuan Cao-Yuan Niu Yu-Jing Huang Xiao-Li Zhang Hong-Lei Li Tian-Tian Han Yan-Ji Cui Peng-Ge Fei Gui-Hua Wang Ai-Ling Du

Sep 2026 · Brain and Behavior · Vol 16 · 0 citations · 41 references

Medicine

TL;DR

This study evaluated whether circulating concentrations of vasoactive intestinal peptide, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) differed according to the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among individuals with PD.

Abstract

Anxiety and depressive symptoms frequently accompany Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the biological processes underlying these affective complications and their potential peripheral indicators remain incompletely understood. This study evaluated whether circulating concentrations of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) differed according to the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among individuals with PD.

DOI PubMed Semantic Scholar

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