Assessment of Health Status and Risk Factors Among Students Based on Population Morbidity Trends in the Southern Region of Kyrgyzstan

Abstract

The increase in overall morbidity, a decline in the birth rate, and changes in the health structure of various population groups require a systematic analysis and assessment in order to develop effective measures for disease prevention and the strengthening of public health. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive descriptive analysis of the health status and morbidity of the population and students in the southern region of the Kyrgyz Republic, to identify the main trends and patterns of their changes, as well as to assess the health status of students as a separate social group. The article presents an analysis of medical and demographic indicators and overall morbidity of the population of the Osh, Jalal-Abad, and Batken regions of the Kyrgyz Republic. It includes an assessment of overall morbidity in the Osh oblast, as well as an analysis by disease classes according to ICD-10, examining their structure and dynamics over the period 2019–2023. In addition, the health status of students at Osh State University was evaluated. A predominance of students with an asthenic body type was revealed: 59.9% among first-year students, 52.0% among second-year students, and 26.6% among third-year students. A significant proportion of the examined individuals showed a pronounced body weight deficit, mainly due to reduced muscle mass. A high prevalence of health deviations and a decrease in key indicators of somatic health among students were identified. Overall, a predominance of students with an asthenic body type and pronounced body weight deficiency was established. It was found that the medical and demographic situation in the Osh, Jalal-Abad, and Batken regions in 2019–2023 is characterized by an increase in overall morbidity, a decline in the birth rate and natural population growth, and a stabilization of the overall mortality rate.