Sustainable Road Indicators and Assessment Models for Supporting Sustainable Urban Infrastructure: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Sustainable road infrastructure is essential for supporting urban mobility, environmental quality, safety, resilience, and long-term economic performance. However, existing road sustainability assessment models often emphasize environmental, technological, and economic aspects while providing limited attention to governance and climate resilience. This study aimed to identify dominant sustainability dimensions, compare major road rating systems, and develop an integrated framework for sustainable urban road assessment. A quantitative systematic literature review was conducted using Scopus-indexed publications from 2000 to 2026, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. From 202 retrieved records, 188 unique records were screened, and 134 documents were included for performance analysis, dimension-based content analysis, and keyword co-occurrence mapping. The results showed that the environmental dimension was the most frequently addressed aspect (56.0%), followed by innovation and technology (45.5%) and economics (37.3%). In contrast, governance (7.5%) and climate and disaster resilience (6.7%) were the least represented dimensions. A comparison of the Greenroads, INVEST, and Envision rating systems also indicated limitations in adapting these frameworks to developing-country contexts. The study concludes that sustainable road assessment requires a more balanced and context-sensitive framework integrating environmental, technical, social, safety, economic, resilience, governance, and innovation dimensions. Such an approach can better support sustainable urban infrastructure development, particularly in Indonesia, and provide a foundation for future empirical validation in Indonesian cities.