Recent Advances in Comprehending Endothelial Dysfunction and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications

Abstract

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac condition characterized by various structural and functional abnormalities that are associated with diabetes mellitus. Its development involves multiple factors, among which endothelial dysfunction plays a significant role. To fully describe the relationship between DCM and endothelial dysfunction, we conducted a literature search across several databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Our review of DCM research focused on understanding its mechanisms, exploring the methods used to diagnose it, and potential treatment options. Although researchers have made significant progress in DCM diagnosis and treatment in recent years, considerable challenges persist as well. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based multimodal approaches may provide new opportunities for cardiovascular risk stratification and early DCM screening, but DCM-specific models still require external validation before clinical implementation. Regarding treatment options, emerging evidence suggests potential benefits of medications that enhance mitochondrial function and antioxidant properties, as well as anti-inflammatory therapies and lifestyle modifications. Future research should focus on combining different relevant data types, such as genetic and molecular information, to improve the AI tools utilized in medical environments. This study aims to identify novel markers for diagnosing DCM and to devise tailored treatment approaches. These advancements have the potential to improve the prognosis of DCM patients and enhance the identification and management of this condition.