Bioinformatics Screening and Preliminary Experimental Verification of Integrated Stress Response-Associated MYC and BAG3 in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has high morbidity and mortality, and integrated stress response (ISR) participates in its progression. Traditional COPD diagnosis relies mainly on GOLD criteria, while ISR-based auxiliary molecular markers are still lacking. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze and identify ISR-related biomarkers in COPD, and to uncover their underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods COPD data were obtained from the GEO database. Biomarkers were identified and validated through a comprehensive approach, including differential expression analysis, machine learning algorithms, expression level verification, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Moreover, a nomogram was applied to construct an ISR-related predictive model for COPD. Enrichment analysis, immune infiltration analysis, molecular regulatory network, and drug prediction were performed to further confirm the regulatory roles of biomarkers. Furthermore, the expression patterns of biomarkers in core cells were investigated using dataset GSE173896. Furthermore, Western blotting was employed to detect the protein expression levels of biomarkers in clinical samples. Results Overall, 2 biomarkers (MYC and BAG3) were identified as significantly associated with ISR in COPD. A predictive nomogram constructed based on MYC and BAG3 demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance, with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.799. The biomarkers were significantly enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway and cell cycle. Notably, biomarkers were positively correlated with effector memory CD4 T cells and eosinophils. Subsequently, 36 microRNAs (miRNAs) (like hsa-miR-4699-3p), 260 transcription factors (TFs) (like SNAI2, ZBTB43, and ZNF395) and 9 drugs (like staurosporine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine) were associated with the biomarkers. Moreover, significant changes in MYC and BAG3 expression were observed during T cell differentiation. Clinically, MYC and BAG3 were significantly upregulated in COPD tissues, with protein levels increased by 58.4% and 252.2% respectively. Conclusion This study identified and preliminarily verified ISR-associated MYC and BAG3, offering novel molecular references to complement conventional COPD clinical assessment.