MXene-enhanced nanocellulose-based hemostatic sponge with antibacterial and pro-healing.
TL;DR
This study has expanded the application of two-dimensional materials, nano-active factors and nanocellulose in hemostatic sponges, which have broad application prospects in clinical hemostasis and biodegradability, to include MXene immobilized copper nanoparticles.
Abstract
Synchronously achieving rapid hemostasis and sustained healing remains a central challenge in clinical hemostatic materials. Herein, a multifunctional nanocellulose-based hemostatic sponge (DMTC) was fabricated by using aldehyde-functionalized nanocellulose grafted with madecassoside as the matrix, incorporating MXene immobilized copper nanoparticles. The synergistic interaction between them endowed the sponge with exceptional sustained-release capability, achieving cumulative release rates of 88.8% (MA) and 5.4% (CuNPs) over 7 days, respectively. Furthermore, the inorganic-organic interfacial bonding between nanocellulose and MXene constructed a longitudinally interlaced network structure and the multi-level pore size distribution within the sponge, further enhancing its rapid hemostatic performance (2 s in vitro) and controlled release of bioactive factors. Notably, the DMTC sponge exhibited outstanding antibacterial activity, significantly inhibiting the growth of S. aureus (99.99%) and E. coli (99.99%). Additionally, the DMTC sponge achieved a wound closure rate of 95.96% within 14 days in a mouse model and excellent biosafety and biodegradability, which was significantly superior to the commercially available polyvinyl alcohol sponge. This study has expanded the application of two-dimensional materials, nano-active factors and nanocellulose in hemostatic sponges, which have broad application prospects in clinical hemostasis.