Architectural and Technological Foundations of Real-Time Applications
Abstract
Real-time applications are systems designed toprocess continuous streams of data and respond to externalevents within strict and predictable latency constraints. Withthe proliferation of cloud-native platforms, Internet of Things(IoT) ecosystems, financial trading systems, and interactiveweb applications, traditional synchronous request–responsearchitectures have proven insufficient. This paper presents acomprehensive survey of modern approaches to building real-time applications, focusing on event-driven architectures,reactive programming models, stream processing frameworks,edge computing and real-time communication protocols.Architectural trade-offs, performance characteristics,observability requirements, and emerging trends such as edgecomputing are analyzed using formal performance metricsand comparative evaluation. Key frameworks andmethodologies are reviewed in the context of performance,scalability, and implementation complexity.
