Evaluation of subseasonal sea ice changes in the Community Earth System Model version two

Impact of data assimilation on Arctic sea‐ice thickness variability and its coupling with atmospheric forcing

Sea‐ice thickness (SIT) is a key state variable of the Arctic climate system, yet its representation in coupled ice–ocean models remains uncertain due to sparse observations and complex coupling with atmospheric forcing. Satellite‐based observations have improved the accuracy of SIT in models significantly through data...

Thermodynamic and dynamic process attribution for Arctic sea ice loss during RILEs in CESM2

Effects of sea ice model characteristics on Arctic marine primary production

The Arctic environment is rapidly changing and drastic declines in sea ice extent and thickness have been observed over the past decades. The thinning of the ice pack affects its dynamics and makes it more susceptible to form fractal features such as leads and ridges at scales of meters to kilometres, as well as larger...

The Ross Ice Shelf airstream: How Ross Sea cyclone activity leads to winter-time sea ice breakout events in McMurdo Sound in the years 2013–2024

Ocean changes and the impacts in the Polar Regions

Covering about 20 % of the global ocean, the polar ocean areas are among the most sensitive regions of the Earth climate system, where today climate change is reshaping processes that influence global circulation, sea level, and climate far beyond the poles. Here, we develop an ocean narrative that integrates physical,...

Antarctic sea ice over the past 130 000 years – Part 2: A review of its role in the Earth system

Antarctic sea-ice cover reached historically low levels in 2023, consistent with the simulated decline in sea-ice extent in response to anthropogenic warming. As Antarctic sea ice is closely linked to multiple components of the Earth system, its demise could precipitate widespread, cascading changes across the cryosphe...