Critical temperature evaluation for steel column exposed to fire – Rankine–Merchant approach

Abstract

An alternative computational approach to the critical temperature specification for a steel column, related to the fire conditions and associated with the loss of the capacity to safely resist the loads applied to the said column is presented and discussed in detail. The algorithm recommended by the authors has been derived from the empirical Rankine–Merchant rule, with parameters calibrated so as to obtain quantitative agreement with critical temperature estimates arrived at after application of the conventional code-based approach. It has been indicated, that this approach results in an iterative calculation. Knowledge of the critical temperature determined for given structural component or a substructure under assumed fire development scenario allows for identification of its fire resistance interpreted as the forecast time of reliable service when subjected to the influence of high temperature. Numerical example presented in this paper pertains to the column devoid of any restrictions in elongation, not fire protected and heated uniformly around the whole perimeter and along the whole length. To simplify the example it has been assumed, that at any given moment of fire steel temperature is constant in the column cross-section and increases with increasing temperature of surrounding fire plume. The approach proposed by the authors allows for verification, in both qualitative and quantitative terms, of the influences exerted by geometrical imperfections of various origins on the final critical temperature specifications, in particular those related to a potential eccentricity of load application point as well as those induced by the longitudinal axis of column deviating from straightness.