Comparison of project management standards (PMBOK, P2M, and PRINCE2) from the cultural perspective

Abstract

A comparative analysis of three leading project management standards — PMBOK (United States of America), P2M (Japan) and PRINCE2 (Great Britain) — with an emphasis on their cultural characteristics is been carried out. The purpose of the study is to identify and systematize the value orientations embedded in each standard under the influence of the national mentality, historical context, and business culture of the country of origin. The methodological basis of the study is based on the integrated use of comparative analysis, contextual reading of the standards’ documentation, as well as a generalizing interpretation of key provisions set out in official manuals and publications.  The research paper reveals how cultural characteristics are reflected in approaches to individualism or collectivism, task orientation or interpersonal relationships, as well as in the expected personal qualities of employees. The study results show that the PMBOK is focused on individualism and value creation, the P2M is focused on collectivism and innovative transformation, and the PRINCE2 combines elements of both approaches, focusing on a controlled environment.  The study highlights the importance of considering the cultural characteristics of each country. They have a significant impact on the perception and application of the standards, which is important when implementing and adapting the standards in international project management practice.