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STEM-BASED DIFFERENTIATION ASSESSMENT TOOLS FOR CRITICAL THINGKING SKILLS IN TRANSVERSAL LEARNING

Aug 2026 · EDUTECH Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Berbantuan Teknologi · Vol 6, pp. 2248-2257 · 0 citations

Abstract

Critical thinking is an essential 21st-century competency that students are expected to develop. However, physics instruction in schools remains largely focused on routine problems that primarily assess memory and conceptual understanding, limiting opportunities to evaluate higher-order thinking skills. This research and development (R&D) study aimed to develop a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)-based differentiated assessment instrument that is valid, reliable, practical, and effective for measuring senior high school students’ critical thinking skills on the topic of transverse waves. The study employed the 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). The participants consisted of three expert validators, one physics teacher, and 20 Grade 11 science students at SMAS YAPIM TARUNA STABAT. Data were collected using expert validation sheets, critical thinking tests, and teacher and student response questionnaires. Data analysis included validity and reliability testing, item difficulty and discrimination analyses, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and N-Gain analysis. The results indicated that the instrument achieved an expert validity score of 88% (highly valid) with a Cohen’s Kappa coefficient of 0.590 (good agreement). Four of the six test items were empirically valid, and the instrument’s reliability improved from 0.210 to 0.793 after item refinement. Students’ mean critical thinking scores increased substantially from 34.95 on the pretest to 93.52 on the posttest, with a Wilcoxon significance value of p = 0.000 (< 0.05) and an N-Gain score of 0.8977 (high category). The practicality evaluation yielded a score of 94.32% (highly practical). These findings demonstrate that the developed instrument is valid, reliable, practical, and effective for assessing critical thinking skills and can serve as an alternative assessment tool to support contextual, equitable, and meaningful physics learning in the 21st century. ABSTRAK Berpikir kritis merupakan salah satu kompetensi penting abad ke-21 yang harus dimiliki peserta didik. Namun, pembelajaran fisika di sekolah masih didominasi oleh soal-soal rutin yang hanya mengukur kemampuan mengingat dan pemahaman konsep sehingga potensi peserta didik dalam berpikir tingkat tinggi belum terukur secara optimal. Penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development/R&D) ini bertujuan mengembangkan instrumen asesmen berdiferensiasi berbasis STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) yang valid, reliabel, praktis, dan efektif untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik SMA pada materi gelombang transversal. Penelitian menggunakan model pengembangan 4D (Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate). Subjek penelitian terdiri atas tiga validator ahli, seorang guru fisika, dan 20 peserta didik kelas XI MIPA di SMAS YAPIM TARUNA STABAT. Data dikumpulkan melalui lembar validasi ahli, tes kemampuan berpikir kritis, serta angket respons guru dan peserta didik. Analisis data meliputi uji validitas dan reliabilitas, analisis tingkat kesukaran dan daya pembeda butir soal, uji Wilcoxon, serta analisis N-Gain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa instrumen memperoleh tingkat validitas ahli sebesar 88% (sangat valid) dengan koefisien Cohen’s Kappa sebesar 0,590 (kategori baik). Empat dari enam butir soal dinyatakan valid secara empiris, sedangkan reliabilitas instrumen meningkat dari 0,210 menjadi 0,793 setelah dilakukan penyempurnaan butir soal. Rata-rata skor kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik meningkat secara signifikan dari 34,95 pada pretest menjadi 93,52 pada posttest, dengan nilai signifikansi uji Wilcoxon sebesar p = 0,000 (< 0,05) dan nilai N-Gain sebesar 0,8977 (kategori tinggi). Hasil uji kepraktisan menunjukkan persentase sebesar 94,32% (sangat praktis). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa instrumen yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi kriteria valid, reliabel, praktis, dan efektif sehingga layak digunakan sebagai alternatif instrumen asesmen untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis dalam pembelajaran fisika abad ke-21 yang kontekstual, berkeadilan, dan bermakna bagi peserta didik dengan karakteristik yang beragam.

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