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A novel ant colony system for vehicle routing problem with time windows: leveraging multiple heuristic strategies for improved solutions

Aug 2026 · Neural computing & applications (Print) · Vol 38 · 0 citations · 66 references

TL;DR

This paper introduces an advanced ant colony system approach that seamlessly integrates four heuristic techniques, and incorporates a no-improvement counter into the algorithm for solution selection to counter stagnation and enhance solution diversity.

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